|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial Models is the most in-depth book written
about using @RISK, Evolver and other DecisionTools software products
to solve today's complex financial problems. Author
Wayne L. Winston is Professor of Decision and Information Sciences
at Indiana University and a leader in the field of Operations Research.
The applications of simulation and optimization in the book (many
of which have never been described before in print) are new, novel
approaches to options pricing, portfolio optimization, acquisitions
modeling, VAR (value-at-risk) and more! This is truly a groundbreaking
book that should spur wide adoption of simulation and optimization
in finance.
Financial Models features years' worth of experience
in setting up and solving complicated financial problems using Microsoft®
Excel® and DecisionTools software. You will learn valuable analytical
techniques that will help you get the most out of @RISK, Evolver,
PrecisionTree® and TopRank®. Each chapter covers one or more example
problems (over 60 in all!), showing you step-by-step how to set
up and analyze each model. This isn't a book of long-winded theoretical
discussions. It's a practical, step-by-step guide that you can use
immediately to build the models that you need!
The models in the book have been used at executive training classes at major corporations, including GM, NCR, PriceWaterhouseCoopers, and Bristol-Myers Squibb. All the models are included on CD-ROM along with trial versions of DecisionTools software. Dr. Wayne Winston is author of two of the leading MBA-level Operations Research texts, including Operations Research and Management Science. He is also author of Simulation Modeling Using @RISK, a popular hands-on guide to risk analysis and simulation with @RISK.
If you build financial models, review them or just want to learn more about the applications of simulation and optimization techniques to the financial aspects of your business, you need this book! 505 pp.
Inside Financial Models
Let's take a look at the types of problems you can solve with
Financial Models Using Simulation and Optimization.
Here are some excerpts:
Price Bundling. "Suppose you
are a marketing manager for Microsoft and are trying to determine
how to price Word and Excel. Families tend to value Word more than
Excel while businesses tend to value Excel more than Word. Some
groups may want to purchase both Word and Excel. How can we determine
profit-maximizing prices for this situation?" Pick your profit-maximizing
bundle prices using Financial Models and included software
and models!
Simulating a New Product. "When
a company develops a new product, the profitability of the product
is highly uncertain. Simulation is an excellent tool to estimate
the average profitability and riskiness of new products." Use
Financial Models and included software and models to simulate
the performance of your new products!
Simulating Development of a New Drug.
"The pharmaceutical business deals with a very high degree
of uncertainty. Over 90% of all products under development fail
to come to market resulting in large losses. Products that do come
to market (like Viagra and Prozac) can earn multi-billion dollar
profits annually for 10-15 years (until their patent expires). @RISK
is a natural tool to use in an effort to estimate whether a new
product is worth developing." Use @RISK, Financial Models
and included examples to simulate the performance of your highly
uncertain ventures!
Using Simulation to Model An Acquisition.
"Suppose we are considering purchasing a firm. The cash flows
from the firm are highly uncertain. Future cash flows depend on
many uncertain parameters such as Sales growth, Gross margin, SG
and A expenses, Variations in Working Capital, Litigation Liability,
and Terminal Value of firm. As the following example will show,
simulation is well suited to modeling the uncertainty involved in
a potential acquisition." Use @RISK, Financial Models
and included examples to simulate your next acquisition!
Simulating Pro Forma Financial Statements.
"A company's future profitability, borrowing, and many other
quantities are all highly uncertain. It seems natural to run a simulation
to obtain a range of values on future profitability and borrowing.
We illustrate how to create a simulation of a Pro Forma financial
statement (based on actual data) for Home Depot." Use @RISK,
Financial Models and included examples to simulate financial
statements in your line of work!
Pricing Exotic Options. "There
are many exotic options, but they all share the property that the
payoff from the option depends on the entire path of the stock price
during the option's duration, not just the stock's price at expiration.
To illustrate how Monte Carlo Simulation and the risk neutral approach
can be used to price exotic options we show how to price a knockout
put." Use @RISK, Financial Models and included examples
to price all types of options!
Finding the Value at Risk (VAR) of a Portfolio.
"Anybody who owns a portfolio of investments knows there is
a great deal of uncertainty about the future worth of the portfolio.
Recently the concept of value at risk (VAR) has been used to help
describe a portfolio's uncertainty. Simply stated, value at risk
of a portfolio at a future point in time is usually considered to
be the fifth percentile of the loss in the portfolio's value at
that point in time. In short, there is considered to be only one
chance in 20 that the portfolio's loss will exceed the VAR. The
following example shows how @RISK can be used to measure VAR. The
example also demonstrates how buying puts can greatly reduce the
risk, or hedge, a long position in a stock." Use @RISK, Financial
Models and included examples to calculate your VAR!
Computing VAR for Forwards and Futures.
"Many corporations face the risk that their profit will greatly
change when commodity prices or currency rates change. For example,
a glass making company uses natural gas to heat their furnaces.
They face the risk that the price of gas will increase, thereby
increasing their costs. A drug company selling drugs in Germany
faces the risk that a decline in the value of the mark will reduce
the value of their German accounts receivable. Futures and forwards
can be used to hedge commodity and exchange risk." Use @RISK,
Financial Models and included examples to hedge commodity
and exchange risk!
Hedging with Futures. "How
many futures do you need to buy to adequately hedge your risk? In
this chapter we show how to use @RISK to determine optimal hedging
policies. Our goal will be to choose a hedging policy that minimizes
the standard deviation of our total costs." Use @RISK, Financial
Models and included examples to develop your hedging policy!
Delta Hedging. "A financial
institution that sells options is at great risk. For example, if
a Wall Street firm sells a call option there is no theoretical upper
limit on the discounted cash value that the purchaser of the option
will receive at expiration. Delta hedging enables a firm writing
options to control the riskiness of their position." Use @RISK,
Financial Models and included examples to explore Delta
hedging!
Using the Risk-Neutral Approach to Value
Real Options. "The risk-neutral approach enables us
to value many quantities which derive their value from an underlying
asset. In most books, you do this by finding a combination of puts
and calls which replicates the payoffs of what you are trying to
value. We do not need to do this. Just use the lognormal to simulate
the future value of the underlying asset (growing at risk-free rate)."
Use @RISK, Financial Models and included examples to value
real options!
A "Pioneer Option. "Often
companies enter into small projects that have a negative NPV. The
reason for this is that participation in the smaller project gives
the company the option to later participate in a larger project
that may have a large positive NPV. Merck Pharmaceuticals, led by
their CFO Judy Lewent has "pioneered" the use of real
option theory." Use @RISK, Financial Models and included
examples to value Pioneer options!
Pricing American Options with Binomial
Trees. "American options are usually priced with binomial
trees. We divide the duration of the option into smaller time periods
(usually weeks or months). During each time period the stock price
either increases by a factor u or decreases by a factor d."
Use Financial Models and the included examples to value
American options with binomial trees!
Valuing the Option to Purchase a Company.
"The binomial tree approach to valuing an option is very flexible.
It can be used to value many "real investment options"
such as an option to purchase, and option to contract operations
and an option to expand." Use @RISK, Financial Models
and included examples to use binomial trees to value your investment
options!
Real World Issues
Wayne Winston applies his tools and expertise to real-world
problems common in the business world. Here are just a few of these:
|
PROBLEMS REVIEWED
analyzing acquisitions
portfolio optimization
simulating a yield curve
funding pension liabilities
finding VAR for a portfolio
evaluating pro forma financial statements
valuing real options
...And more!
TECHNIQUES DEMONSTRATED
fitting an S-shaped curve
portfolio approach to project selection
price bundling
simulating profitability for a new product
generating implied forward rates
immunization against interest rate risk
valuing an option to purchase a company
...And more!
|